There are many causes of male infertility. Within the theory of Chinese medicine, male infertility is most often associated with dysfunction within the Kidney, Liver and Spleen organs. The Kidneys have prime importance since they govern birth, growth, reproduction and development. They are also regarded as the root of all 'Yin and Yang energies', and so their importance cannot be overstated. Decreased sperm mobility is often associated with a decline in Kidney Yang function, although this is not the only cause of decreased sperm mobility.

Impotence or loss of libido is other cause of infertility. This can affect men who are stressed by overwork or facing the emotional conflicts of a mid life crisis. It is also seen in younger men overwrought with sexual anxiety or frustration. Within Chinese medicine the Liver is concerned with ensuring the smooth circulation of Qi throughout the body and it is always affected by any kind of emotional strain. The Liver channel runs through the genital region as shown in the diagram. Thus, Liver disharmony can cause infertility.

Decreased sperm count or abnormal sperm are other causes of infertility. The movement of sperm is primarily governed by Kidney Yang. The number and form of the sperm is primarily governed by Kidney Yin. In clinical practice Yin and Yang are interdependent upon one another and so it is not unusual to see a decline of both Kidney Yin and yang that manifests as a low sperm count (reduced Kidney Yin), and reduced sperm mobility (decline in Kidney Yang).