In terms of Western medicine, constipation can occur very early in pregnancy because of the hormonal changes going on in the body. Progesterone has a relaxant effect on the smooth muscles of the gut.

It is always helpful to: -

• Include plenty of fibre in your diet. Try not to eat too much hot spicy food, since these dry up the fluids in the intestines. Equally, it is important not to consume too many cold foods since the nature of cold is that it contracts the muscles of the intestines, and prevents the correct movement of qi (energy). Cold food includes; fruit juices from the fridge, bananas, and salads.

• Exercise regularly to keep muscles toned up. Exercise stimulates the movements of the Large Intestine.

• Drink adequate water (at room temperature, or warm).

• Avoid iron pills if they cause constipation - ask your GP about this. There are liquid herbal formulas that contain iron in a more easily digestible form.

From a Chinese point of view, constipation during pregnancy can be due to the mother’s blood & Kidney energy being diverted to nourish the growing foetus and leaving herself depleted. It is important to rest if this is the cause of constipation.

It can also be caused by 'stagnation' i.e., there is not the smooth movement of qi (energy) in the bowel, which in turns leads to constipation and difficult bowel movements. In this latter case the stool is often pebble-like, or like rabbit droppings. If constipation is left untreated there may be the added complication of haemorrhoids after childbirth. Stagnation in the intestines can be caused by emotional stress, anger, resentment or frustration. Worrying and brooding will also slow down the transportation of food in the Intestines.

Generally acupuncture is very effective at treating this condition, along with some dietary or lifestyle advice if appropriate.